During the Reconstruction era, African American men participated in electoral politics as voters and as public officials. Several civil rights acts were also passed in an attempt to protect the freedom of the freed population. Constitution that granted the newly freed slaves freedom, citizenship, and the right to vote, respectively. In the aftermath of the Civil War, Northern Republicans in Congress proposed the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S.
Discord between the North and South ultimately led to civil war, and finally, emancipation of slaves. In the South, political and economic dominance of slaveholders hindered discussion of abolition. Antislavery initiatives had gradually abolished the “peculiar institution” in the Northern states by the 1830s but free blacks were not accorded full citizenship rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was rooted in the struggle of Americans of African descent to obtain basic rights of citizenship in the nation. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress Frederick Douglass seated beside grandson.
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